EXERCISE TO PREVENT OF GESTATIONAL DIABETES MELLITUS IN PREGNANCY: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW

Abstract

Background. Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) is a pregnancy complication that is common in 3.5 to 12% of pregnancies. Pregnant women have a very high risk of developing diabetes due to an increase in blood sugar metabolism during pregnancy. Various meta-analyzes related to the effect of regular physical activity on reducing the incidence of GDM have been carried out, but there is evidence that needs significant influence to recommend a program of regular physical activity to prevent GDM incidents. So this study aims to examine the literature using the latest references on the effect of physical exercise in reducing the incidence of GDM. Method. systematic literature review with keywords; gestational diabetes mellitus, physical exercise, and pregnant women. Articles obtained from the electronic database "Google Scholar" with the criteria for inclusion of scientific articles in English and Indonesian in 2014-2024. Results. Several recent studies have shown regular physical activity exercises conducted 55-60 minutes for 3 times a week can reduce GDM and other things related to GDM namely a decrease in glycemic levels, blood pressure, and body weight. In addition, regular physical exercise can also improve fetal well-being as evidenced by an increase in the neonatal body index. Conclusion. Regular physical exercise shows enough evidence to reduce the risk of GDM. Recommendation. Regular physical activity is highly recommended to reduce the incidence of GDM. Although new evidence is needed that shows a significant effect on the decline in GDM. However regular physical exercise does not have a dangerous effect as long as it is done by pregnant women who are recommended.