POTENTIAL OF ANTHOCYANINS FROM LAKUM FRUIT (CAYRATIA TRIFOLIA L.) AS AN ALTERNATIVE NATURAL DYE FOR PERIPHERAL BLOOD SMEARS

Abstract

Background: Synthetic dyes such as Giemsa are widely used in hematological staining but pose challenges related to cost, toxicity, and accessibility. Anthocyanins, natural plant-derived pigments, offer a safer and more environmentally friendly alternative. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the staining effectiveness of anthocyanin extract from Cayratia trifolia L (lakum fruit) on peripheral blood smear preparations at various concentrations. Methods: Lakum fruit extract was prepared at concentrations of 20%, 30%, 40%, and 50%. Each was applied to peripheral blood smears and compared to Giemsa-stained controls. Staining performance was assessed based on a visual scoring scale (0–5), staining success rate, and color stability. Microscopic examination was conducted under 100x magnification. Results: The 50% extract showed the best performance, with a visual score of 4, a 90% staining success rate, and up to 6 hours of color stability. Lower concentrations (30% and 20%) resulted in weaker staining and reduced stability. Compared to Giemsa, lakum extract produced lower contrast but remained sufficient for basic morphological identification. Conclusion: Anthocyanins from Cayratia trifolia L demonstrate strong potential as a low-cost, non-toxic natural dye for educational and basic hematology screening purposes. Further optimization using mordants and quantitative color analysis is recommended to enhance staining performance.