The Effectiveness of Foot Reflexology Massage in Improving Sleep Quality Among Elderly Patients with Diabetes Mellitus and Insomnia in Sumber Porong Village Lawang

Abstract

This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of foot reflexology in improving sleep quality among elderly patients with diabetes mellitus experiencing insomnia in Sumber Porong Lawang Village. Insomnia is a common problem among older adults and may negatively affect physical condition, daily activities, and overall quality of life. Foot reflexology was selected as a non-pharmacological intervention because it is simple, safe, and easy to apply in elderly care.

This study used a descriptive case study design with a pretest–posttest approach involving two elderly respondents selected through purposive sampling. Data collection instruments included the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), knowledge questionnaire, and observation sheet. The intervention was conducted for six consecutive days through health education and practical implementation of foot reflexology before bedtime.

The findings showed improvements in both respondents after the intervention. Knowledge regarding foot reflexology increased from the “knowing” level (C1) to the “application” level (C3). Sleep quality also improved, indicated by decreased ISI and PSQI scores, easier sleep initiation, reduced nighttime awakenings, and improved physical comfort upon waking. The respondents reported feeling more relaxed and refreshed after receiving foot reflexology therapy.

This study highlights that foot reflexology may serve as an effective complementary nursing intervention to improve sleep quality among elderly individuals with insomnia and diabetes mellitus. The intervention also provides practical value for nurses, families, and community health services in promoting non-pharmacological sleep management for older adults..