Proceedings Optimal for Nation: Health and Medicine Proceedings
Journal title Proceedings Optimal for Nation: Health and Medicine Proceedings Initials Proceedings OUN Abbreviation - Frequency 1 issues per year | Mei DOI Prefix xx-xxxx by ISSN E-ISSN: xxxx-xxxx Editor-in-chief Publisher PT Optimal Untuk Negeri Citation Analysis Google Scholar “Optimal for Nation: Health and Medicine Proceedings” is a multidisciplinary platform dedicated to the dissemination of scientific work in the fields of health and medicine. This proceeding welcomes contributions from academics, researchers, and practitioners across various disciplines including public health, clinical medicine, pharmacy, nutrition, nursing, and other health sciences with the shared goal of enhancing national well-being through evidence-based knowledge and innovation. All articles are published in an open-access format and indexed in academic databases.
THERAPEUTIC COMMUNICATION LITERACY FOR NURSING STUDENTS AT UNDIKSHA IN IMPROVING HEALTH COUNSELING SKILLS
Copyright (c) 2026 Proceedings Optimal for Nation: Health and Medicine Proceedings
DENTAL ANXIETY IN ELEMENTARY SCHOOLCHILDREN: EVALUATING THE ROLES OF AGE AND GENDER AS SIGNIFICANT DEMOGRAPHIC PREDICTORS
Dental anxiety remains a significant challenge in pediatric dentistry, often leading to uncooperative behavior during treatments such as tooth extraction or filling. While global prevalence is high, specific demographic factors like age and gender are thought to play a crucial role in shaping a child's psychological response to dental care. This study aims to evaluate the distribution of dental anxiety levels among elementary schoolchildren, specifically focusing on the influence of age and gender as demographic predictors [5,14]. A descriptive-comparative study with a cross-sectional design was conducted at the SDN Komplek Kampung Manggis, Padang Panjang. The study population consisted of 420 students, with a purposive sample of 145 students (71 males and 74 females) who had prior experience with dental treatment. Data were collected through direct interviews and questionnaires, focusing on anxiety levels during dental procedures. Univariate analysis was employed to describe the frequency distribution of anxiety across the studied variables. The findings revealed a higher prevalence of dental anxiety in female students (38% or 28 students) compared to male students (6% or 4 students). Regarding age, the highest level of anxiety was observed in the 9-10 years age group (35% or 19 students), while the lowest anxiety was found among the oldest group (11-12 years) at 8% (4 students). Age and gender are significant factors in determining dental anxiety levels among schoolchildren. Female students and children in the middle-primary age group (9-10 years) exhibit higher anxiety, suggesting a need for more tailored behavioral management strategies in pediatric dental practice.
The Effectiveness of Foot Reflexology Massage in Improving Sleep Quality Among Elderly Patients with Diabetes Mellitus and Insomnia in Sumber Porong Village Lawang
This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of foot reflexology in improving sleep quality among elderly patients with diabetes mellitus experiencing insomnia in Sumber Porong Lawang Village. Insomnia is a common problem among older adults and may negatively affect physical condition, daily activities, and overall quality of life. Foot reflexology was selected as a non-pharmacological intervention because it is simple, safe, and easy to apply in elderly care. This study used a descriptive case study design with a pretest–posttest approach involving two elderly respondents selected through purposive sampling. Data collection instruments included the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), knowledge questionnaire, and observation sheet. The intervention was conducted for six consecutive days through health education and practical implementation of foot reflexology before bedtime. The findings showed improvements in both respondents after the intervention. Knowledge regarding foot reflexology increased from the “knowing” level (C1) to the “application” level (C3). Sleep quality also improved, indicated by decreased ISI and PSQI scores, easier sleep initiation, reduced nighttime awakenings, and improved physical comfort upon waking. The respondents reported feeling more relaxed and refreshed after receiving foot reflexology therapy. This study highlights that foot reflexology may serve as an effective complementary nursing intervention to improve sleep quality among elderly individuals with insomnia and diabetes mellitus. The intervention also provides practical value for nurses, families, and community health services in promoting non-pharmacological sleep management for older adults..
Anemia in pregnancy significantly elevates risks for both mother and child, including IUDR fetuses, abortion, IUFD, stillbirth, and LBW. The purpose of this study describes how the application of nursing care to pregnant women with anemia uses a descriptive method with a case study approach with the nursing process, including assessment of nursing diagnosis, planning, implementation, evaluation. Nursing care was carried out for six days on one patient who met the inclusion criteria. The results of the study found that the client complained of dizziness, dizzy eyes, her body felt weak, tired, tired quickly, pale conjunctiva, pale face, Hb 8 gr/dl. Nursing diagnoses are ineffective peripheral perfusion, fatigue, knowledge deficit. Nursing interventions carried out are diet education, energy management, knowledge level. The implementation carried out recommends eating vegetables, fruit, recommends taking Fe tablets, doing activities such as pregnancy exercises, providing education about anemia. The final evaluation obtained is increased peripheral perfusion, decreased fatigue levels, increased knowledge levels. It is hoped that the results of this study can be used as a comparison and basic data in further research on anemia in pregnancy and can add to the literature study and become meaningful and useful input.
ANALYSIS OF HEALTHY LIFESTYLE KNOWLEDGE IMPROVEMENT AFTER HEALTH EDUCATION AMONG HORMONAL CONTRACEPTIVE ACCEPTORS
Hormonal contraceptive use is widely applied among women of reproductive age; however, limited knowledge regarding healthy lifestyle practices may increase the risk of health problems and reduce quality of life among contraceptive acceptors. Health education is considered an effective strategy to improve women’s understanding of healthy lifestyle management during hormonal contraceptive use. This study aimed to analyze the improvement in healthy lifestyle knowledge among hormonal contraceptive acceptors after receiving a health education intervention. The study used a quantitative pre-experimental design with a one-group pretest-posttest approach. A total of 36 respondents in Tondomulyo Village, Pati Regency, participated in the study using purposive sampling techniques. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire consisting of 20 questions related to healthy lifestyle practices, including balanced nutrition, physical activity, adequate rest, stress management, and management of contraceptive side effects. The intervention was conducted through lectures, interactive discussions, question-and-answer sessions, and leaflet distribution. Data analysis was performed using descriptive statistics and a paired t-test. The results showed a significant increase in respondents' knowledge after the educational intervention, with a p-value of <0.001 (p<0.05). Health education effectively improved respondents' understanding of healthy lifestyle practices during hormonal contraceptive use. Therefore, continuous community-based educational programs are recommended to support reproductive health promotion and encourage healthier lifestyle behaviors among hormonal contraceptive acceptors.
Determinants of Prenatal Attachment Based on Sociodemographic and Obstetric Factors in Pregnant Women
Prenatal attachment reflects the emotional bond between a mother and her fetus and plays a crucial role in maternal and neonatal outcomes, including maternal readiness, health behaviors during pregnancy, and postnatal bonding. Suboptimal prenatal attachment may negatively affect maternal psychological adaptation and infant care. However, evidence on the combined influence of sociodemographic and obstetric factors remains limited. This study aimed to analyze the determinants of prenatal attachment based on sociodemographic and obstetric factors among pregnant women. A quantitative analytic study with a cross-sectional design was conducted among 130 pregnant women selected using consecutive sampling. Data were collected using structured questionnaires on sociodemographic and obstetric characteristics and a validated prenatal attachment inventory. Data analysis included univariate, bivariate, and multivariate analyses using logistic regression. The findings revealed that maternal age (p = 0,042), gestational age (p = 0,031), parity (p = 0,021), and history of pregnancy complications (p = 0,037) were significantly associated with prenatal attachment (p < 0.05). Multivariate analysis showed that gestational age was the most dominant factor influencing prenatal attachment with OR = 3.21, 95% CI = 1.75–5.88, p = 0.001. Prenatal attachment is influenced by a combination of sociodemographic and obstetric factors, with gestational age as the strongest determinant. These findings highlight the importance of integrating psychosocial assessment into antenatal care, including early screening and targeted interventions to enhance maternal–fetal attachment and improve maternal and neonatal outcomes..
THE EFFECT OF PROPIONIBACTERIUM ACNES ON PATIENTS WITH OVERSTEROID SYNDROME AT THE ACNE INSTITUTE CLINIC
Overuse topical corticosteroids can disrupt the skin microbiome, and lead to increasing Propionibacterium acnes colonization and worsening inflammation. This study aims to analyze the impact of Propionibacterium acnes on patients with oversteroid syndrome. This cross-sectional study was conducted at Acne Institute Clinic over two weeks, involving 21 patients with a history of prolonged steroid use. The Meicet Pro-A skin analyzer was used to assess bacterial colonization and skin condition. The study found that 71.42% of patients had moderate Propionibacterium acnes colonization, 23.8% had mild colonization, and 4.76% had severe colonization. Increased bacterial presence was associated with higher porphyrin fluorescence, excess sebum production, and clogged pores, leading to acneiform eruptions. Overuse of topical corticosteroids significantly increases Propionibacterium acnes colonization, aggravating inflammatory skin conditions. Proper regulation and awareness of steroid use are crucial to prevent oversteroid syndrome
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN TYPE OF CONTRACEPTIVE USE AND MENSTRUAL PATTERN AMONG FAMILY PLANNING ACCEPTORS IN THE WORKING AREA OF LAMASI PUBLIC HEALTH CENTER, LUWU REGENCY
Contraceptive methods are used to prevent pregnancy; however, their selection should consider reproductive function and overall well-being. Hormonal and non-hormonal contraceptive methods may have different effects on menstrual patterns. This study aimed to determine the relationship between the type of contraceptive used and menstrual patterns among family planning acceptors in the working area of Lamasi Public Health Center, Luwu Regency. This analytic observational study used a cross-sectional design. The population comprised all contraceptive users in the working area of Lamasi Public Health Center, totaling 3,080 women. A sample of 279 respondents was selected using purposive sampling. Data were collected using a questionnaire covering demographic characteristics, type of contraception, and menstrual patterns. Data were analyzed using univariate analysis and Spearman's rank correlation test. Most respondents were aged >35 years (53.0%), had completed senior high school education (50.2%), and were housewives (53.0%). Hormonal contraception was used by 171 respondents (61.3%), while non-hormonal contraception was used by 108 respondents (38.7%). Irregular menstrual patterns were reported by 144 respondents (51.6%). Bivariate analysis showed a significant relationship between type of contraceptive use and menstrual pattern (p < 0.001; r = 0.291). In conclusion, the type of contraception used is significantly associated with menstrual patterns among family planning acceptors. Health workers should strengthen counseling on contraceptive choices and possible menstrual side effects.
Identification Of Enterobiasis Incidents in Preschool Children in Arongan Lambalek District West Aceh
<a title="IDENTIFICATION OF ENTEROBIASIS INCIDENTS IN PRESCHOOL CHILDREN IN ARONGAN LAMBALEK DISTRICT WEST ACEH" href="https://proceedings.optimaluntuknegeri.com/index.php/Proceedings/Enterobiasis is an intestinal infection in humans, especially children, caused by pinworms (Enterobius vermicularis). Infection by Enterobius vermicularis worms occurs worldwide, especially in tropical regions and developing countries. Enterobius vermicularis infection can occur due to the ingestion of fertilized pinworm eggs. Usually, this process occurs through dirty fingers, contaminated food, or inhalation of air containing pinworm eggs. The transmission cycle of this disease is very simple, namely the transfer of worm eggs from the anus to the hands and then to the mouth. The purpose of this study was to identify the incidence of enterobiasis in preschool children in Arongan Lambalek District, West Aceh Regency in 2025. The study design was descriptive quantitative with a cross-sectional approach. Identification was carried out in the Microbiology Laboratory of the Aceh Ministry of Health Polytechnic with a sample size of 22 children. Data collection was carried out using the anal swab method and data were obtained using the prevalence rate formula, then the data were presented in tabulated form. The results of the study on anal swab examination to see Enterobius vermicularis infection in preschool children in Gampong Arongan Lambalek, West Aceh in 2025 showed that of the 22 samples examined, 5 people (22.73%) were found positive for Enterobius vermicularis worm infection, and 17 people (77.27%) were not infected. It can be concluded that the incidence rate of enterobiasis in preschool children in Arongan Lambalek District, West Aceh Regency in 2025 was 22.73%.">Enterobiasis is an intestinal infection in humans, especially children, caused by pinworms (Enterobius vermicularis). Infection by Enterobius vermicularis worms occurs worldwide, especially in tropical regions and developing countries. Enterobius vermicularis infection can occur due to the ingestion of fertilized pinworm eggs. Usually, this process occurs through dirty fingers, contaminated food, or inhalation of air containing pinworm eggs. The transmission cycle of this disease is very simple, namely the transfer of worm eggs from the anus to the hands and then to the mouth. The purpose of this study was to identify the incidence of enterobiasis in preschool children in Arongan Lambalek District, West Aceh Regency in 2025. The study design was descriptive quantitative with a cross-sectional approach. Identification was carried out in the Microbiology Laboratory of the Aceh Ministry of Health Polytechnic with a sample size of 22 children. Data collection was carried out using the anal swab method and data were obtained using the prevalence rate formula, then the data were presented in tabulated form. The results of the study on anal swab examination to see Enterobius vermicularis infection in preschool children in Gampong Arongan Lambalek, West Aceh in 2025 showed that of the 22 samples examined, 5 people (22.73%) were found positive for Enterobius vermicularis worm infection, and 17 people (77.27%) were not infected. It can be concluded that the incidence rate of enterobiasis in preschool children in Arongan Lambalek District, West Aceh Regency in 2025 was 22.73%.
Effectiveness of Repositioning and Virgin Coconut Oil Effleurage Massage in Preventing Pressure Ulcers among Stroke Patients: A Case Study
Physical mobility impairment in stroke patients increases the risk of pressure ulcers due to prolonged pressure. This study aims to evaluate the application of a combination of right-left tilting interventions and the administration of Virgin Coconut Oil (VCO) with effleurage massage for pressure ulcer prevention. The method used was a descriptive case study on two stroke patients with physical mobility impairment. Data were collected over three days through interviews, observations, physical examinations, and the Braden Scale. The nursing process included assessment, diagnosis, planning, implementation, and evaluation. The results showed improved skin integrity and reduced risk of pressure ulcers. Subject I's Braden score from day one to day three was 15 (high risk), and subject II's score from day one to day three was 12 (high risk). No new pressure ulcers were found. This combination of interventions was proven to be effective and easy to implement. These interventions are recommended for patients and families to continue skin care, perform mobilization according to ability, and routinely change positions to prevent recurrent pressure ulcers
Massage effleurage, Pressure ulcers, Right-left tilt, stroke, Virgin coconut oil
SOCIAL DETERMINANTS OF FAMILY PREPAREDNESS IN PROTECTING CHILDREN DURING DISASTER SITUATIONS: A COMMUNITY-BASED DISASTER RISK REDUCTION APPROACH IN MAKASSAR CITY
Family preparedness in protecting children during disaster scenarios remains a significant public health issue, particularly in regions characterized by heightened levels of disaster vulnerability. This investigation seeks to examine the social determinants influencing family preparedness within the context of child protection, utilizing a community-based disaster risk reduction framework. This study employed a mixed-methods design incorporating a sequential explanatory strategy, beginning with a quantitative cross-sectional analysis involving 180 families in Makassar, selected through a probabilistic sampling technique. The quantitative data were subjected to bivariate testing and logistic regression analysis, followed by qualitative in-depth interviews that were thematically analyzed to enhance the interpretation of the results. The findings indicate that the majority of households exhibit low to moderate levels of preparedness, despite possessing relatively adequate knowledge, thereby illustrating a disconnect between theoretical understanding and practical application. A comprehensive multivariate analysis reveals that social support, information accessibility, and prevailing attitudes are the primary determinants influencing family readiness. Qualitative findings further demonstrate that preparedness is a social practice shaped by community dynamics, the prevalence of informal information sources, and the limited participation of children within the preparedness process. The implications of this research underscore the importance of enhancing community-centered methodologies by integrating information systems, strengthening social networks, and ensuring the proactive participation of children in disaster risk mitigation efforts to achieve sustainable family preparedness.
Family preparedness; child protection; disaster; social determinants; community-based disaster risk reduction
Effectiveness of Family-Based Health Education in Increasing Knowledge about Regular Medication among hypertension patients’ families
Hypertension remains a major global health problem, with low adherence to antihypertensive medication contributing significantly to poor disease control and increased risk of complications. One of the key determinants influencing medication adherence is knowledge, not only among patients but also within their family environment. However, limited family knowledge regarding the importance of regular medication remains a critical barrier in hypertension management. This aims to analyze the effectiveness of family-based health education in increasing knowledge about regular medication among families of hypertension patients. Method: This study employed a pra-experimental design with a pre-test and post-test approach. The sample consisted of 16 respondents selected using purposive sampling. The intervention involved structured family-based health education sessions focusing on hypertension management and the importance of medication adherence. Data were analyzed using the Wilcoxon test to determine differences in knowledge before and after the intervention. Results: The results showed a significant increase in knowledge after the intervention (p = 0.001). A total of 12 respondents experienced an improvement in knowledge, while no respondents showed a decrease, and 4 respondents had no change. These findings indicate that family-based health education is effective in improving knowledge, even among respondents with relatively low educational backgrounds. Conclusion: family-based health education is a feasible and effective strategy to enhance knowledge regarding regular medication in hypertension management. The study highlights the importance of involving family members in health education programs to support better treatment adherence. Future research is recommended to include larger sample sizes and assess behavioral and clinical outcomes.
Family based health education- hypertension-knowledge- regular medication
The Effect of Drug Ingestion Supervisors (PMO) with the Provision of Drug Boxes on Adherence to Drug Ingestion of Tuberculosis Patients at the Karang Taliwang Health Center in 2024
Treatment of Tuberculosis patients requires adherence to drug consumption, but there are still many patients who are non-compliant and negligent in drug consumption. Non-compliance in swallowing medicine can worsen and aggravate the patient's condition. PMOs play an important role in improving medication adherence. The medicine box is useful as a reminder for Tuberculosis patients to take medicine on time. The purpose of this study was to determine whether there is an effect of giving a drug swallowing supervisor (PMO) with the provision of a medicine box on drug swallowing compliance. This study used Pre Experimental research design with One Group Pretest-Posttest approach. The number of samples was 32 people using the proportionte stratified random sampling technique. Data were collected by observing compliance with swallowing medicine before and after the intervention conducted 3 times. Analysis using the Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test research design using the SPSS program obtained the results of Asymp. sig. (2-tailed) 0.00 < α = 0.05. The results of this study indicate that before being given most of the low compliance as many as 19, and a small portion of high compliance as many as 2 respondents. After being given treatment, most of the high compliance was 20 and a small proportion of low compliance was 3 respondents. Thus, there is an effect of drug swallowing supervisors (PMO) with the provision of medicine boxes on adherence to swallowing drugs in tuberculosis patients (ρ = 0.000). The conclusion shows that there is an effect of drug swallowing supervisors (PMO) with the provision of drug boxes on adherence to swallowing drugs in Tuberculosis patients in the working area of Karang Taliwang Health Center in 2024. It is hoped that this study will improve compliance with swallowing anti-tuberculosis drugs by using a medicine box as a reminder and family support as a Drug Swallowing Supervisor (PMO).
PENGALAMAN PASIEN DALAM SELF-MANAGEMENT DIABETES MELLITUS: STUDI FENOMENOLOGI
Diabetes Melitus (DM) adalah penyakit kronis yang menuntut keterlibatan aktif pasien dalam pengelolaan sehari-hari. Self-management pada pasien DM meliputi pengaturan makan, aktivitas fisik, kepatuhan minum obat, pemantauan glukosa darah, serta kemampuan mengenali masalah dan mencari bantuan saat dibutuhkan. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengeksplorasi pengalaman pasien dalam menjalankan self-management Diabetes Melitus melalui pendekatan fenomenologi. Penelitian menggunakan desain kualitatif deskriptif fenomenologi. Sepuluh partisipan dengan DM tipe 2 dipilih secara purposive berdasarkan lama diagnosis minimal 1 tahun, kemampuan berkomunikasi dan kesediaan mengikuti wawancara mendalam. Data dikumpulkan melalui wawancara semi tersruktur, dicatat, direkam, dan ditranskripsikan verbatim, lalu dianalisis menggunakan langkah Colaizzi. Hasil analisis menunjukkan 5 tema utama yaitu memahami diabetes sebagai ancaman sekaligus pengingat hidup, mengalami kepatuhan terapi yang fluktuatif, berjuang melakukan adaptasi gaya hidup, mengandalkan dukungan keluarga dan tenaga kesehatan, serta memaknai diabetes sebagai proses perubahan diri. Temuan menegaskan bahwa self-mangement Diabetes Mellitus tidak hanya dipengaruhi pengetahuan klinis tetapi juga self-efficacy, emosi, kebiasaan keluarga, dan makna spiritual. Implikasi penelitian ini adalah perlunya intervensi keperawatan yang bersifat supportive educative berpusat pada pasien, dan melibatkan keluarga untuk memperkuat keberlanjutan self-management.
Keywords: Diabetes Mellitus, Self-Management, Phenomenology, Patient Experience, Nursing Care
The Effect of Health Education Through the Direct Demonstration Method on Handwashing Skills Among School-Age Children at SDN 115/III Tanjung Genting, Kerinci Regency, in 2025
Many diseases that are the cause of death are caused by unclean and unhealthy behavior such as malaria, diarrhea, typhus abdominalis, dengue fever, worms, skin diseases, malnutrition, bird flu, and even swine flu which is now quite shocking to the world. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of health education through direct demonstration methods on hand washing skills in school-age children. This study is a quantitative study with a Pre-Experimental research design, namely with a one-group pre-test-post-test design approach). The population in this study were all students from grades IV-VI at SDN 115/III Tanjung Genting in 2025 as many as 20 people. The sampling technique used in this study was the Total Sampling technique with a sample of 20 people who met the inclusion criteria. This research was conducted at SDN 115/III Tanjung Genting, Kerinci Regency, Jambi Province, from January to June 2025. The results obtained an average of 17 (85.0%) respondents with poor handwashing skills in school-age children before being given health education through direct demonstration methods, while after an average of 19 (95.0%) respondents with good handwashing skills in school-age children, with a p-value = 0.000 (p≤0.05). The conclusion of the study shows that there is an effect of health education through direct demonstration methods on handwashing skills in school-age children. The researcher's suggestion from the results of the study can be applied to health workers in providing health education through direct demonstration methods on handwashing skills in school-age children so that children will be protected from diseases caused by microorganisms.
Health Education, Direct Demonstration Method & Handwashing
META-HEART CARE: Integrating the Care–Core–Cure Model with Artificial Intelligence to Enhance Self-Care in Patients with Chronic Heart Failure
This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of META-HEART CARE, an artificial intelligence–based nursing intervention integrating the Care-Core-Cure model, in improving self-care, blood pressure, and stress levels among patients with chronic heart failure. A quasi-experimental design with a pretest–posttest control group approach was employed. A total of 60 participants were recruited and assigned to an intervention group (n = 30) and a control group (n = 30). The intervention group received an 8 week META-HEART CARE digital education program, while the control group received standard care. Self-care was measured using the Self-Care of Heart Failure Index, blood pressure was assessed using a validated digital sphygmomanometer, and stress levels were evaluated using the Perceived Stress Scale. The results showed a significant improvement in self-care in the intervention group compared to the control group (p < 0.001). In addition, the intervention group demonstrated a significant reduction in both systolic and diastolic blood pressure (p < 0.001) and a significant decrease in stress levels (p < 0.001). These findings indicate that integrating digital education, behavioral support, and artificial intelligence enhances both behavioral and physiological outcomes in chronic heart failure management. This study provides practical implications for nursing practice by introducing an innovative, theory-based digital intervention applicable in clinical and community settings. The novelty of this study lies in the integration of the Care-Core-Cure nursing model with artificial intelligence to develop a comprehensive, adaptive, and patient-centered self-care intervention for chronic heart failure management.
Work Environment Matters: Its Role in Burnout Among Operating Room Healthcare Professionals
The work environment is a key factor contributing to burnout among healthcare workers, particularly under suboptimal conditions. A mismatch between workers’ expectations and the facilities or support provided by hospitals may increase the risk of burnout. This study employed a quantitative analytic correlational design with a cross-sectional approach. The population consisted of 38 healthcare workers, including anesthesiologists and surgical nurses, selected using total sampling. Data were collected using a validated work environment questionnaire (Pearson product-moment test) and the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) to assess burnout levels. Data analysis was conducted using the Spearman rank correlation test. Of the 38 respondents, 55.3% perceived their work environment as good, while 44.7% reported unfavorable conditions. Most healthcare workers (60.5%) experienced mild burnout, whereas 39.5% reported severe burnout. Statistical analysis showed a significant relationship between the work environment and burnout incidence (p = 0.001 < 0.05), with a moderate correlation strength (r = 0.515). There is a significant moderate relationship between the work environment and burnout among healthcare workers. Improving workplace conditions and aligning organizational support with staff expectations may help reduce burnout. Healthcare workers are also encouraged to adopt positive coping strategies to maintain motivation and manage fatigue. Increasing staffing levels in operating rooms is recommended to reduce workload and prevent burnout.
MUSIC THERAPY IN PEOPLE WITH SCHIZOPHRENIA: SCOPING REVIEW
Introduction : According to the World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that around the world there are 379 million people with mental disorders, with 20 million people affected by schizophrenia and psychosis. Hallucinations are divided into 5 types, namely auditory, visual, taste, touch and inhalation hallucinations. Hallucination disorders can be treated with pharmacological and non-pharmacological therapy. Non-pharmacological therapy is safer to use because it does not cause side effects like drugs. Music therapy is one therapy that is often used for auditory hallucinations Aim: The aim of this research is to determine music therapy for people with Schizophrenia Methode: The approach used in this literature study is a scoping review. The search for articles in this literature study used 3 database sources, namely PubMed, Ebscohost, and Google Scholar. The keywords used in this literature study use Boolen operators, namely "Schizophrenia OR Schizophrenia" AND "music therapy OR music intervention" for searching articles in English, as well as "Skizofrenia" AND "terapi musik” to search for articles in Indonesian. Result : Search results using these keywords yielded 250 articles and only 6 articles were reviewed and analyzed in this literature study. Conclusion: From the six articles, music therapy combined with the administration of psychotropic drugs can provide benefits for reducing the level of auditory hallucinations in schizophrenia sufferers, either with music that has a soft rhythm or using music that is popular.
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FACTORS RELATED TO ANXIETY LEVELS IN PREOPERATIVE SECTIO CAESAREA PATIENTS
In Indonesia, 29.0% experience anxiety and fear when going through labor, the fear felt can be in the form of fear that the baby to be born will be deformed, pain during surgery, fear of surgery failure and bleeding during surgery. The purpose of the study was to determine what factors were related to the level of anxiety in pre-operative caesarean section patients at RSIA Restu Bunda, Bandar Lampung City in 2024. The researcher used an analytical survey design with a cross sectional approach. The study population was all mothers who had pre-operative caesarean sections. Data collection was carried out on February 19-March 19, 2024 at RSIA Restu Bunda, Bandar Lampung City. The population of pre-operative caesarean section patients, the sampling technique used accidental sampling with a total of 40 respondents. The data analysis method was by univariate and bivariate analysis with the chi-square test. The results of the study showed that there was a relationship between age and anxiety levels (0.005), there was a relationship between parity status and anxiety levels (0.011), there was a relationship between family support and anxiety levels (0.008) and there was a relationship between coping mechanisms and anxiety levels (0.005). It is expected that nurses in dealing with anxiety in pre-operative caesarean section patients can provide health education to patients and families about age at risk, parity status, family support and coping mechanisms.
POTENTIAL OF ANTHOCYANINS FROM LAKUM FRUIT (CAYRATIA TRIFOLIA L.) AS AN ALTERNATIVE NATURAL DYE FOR PERIPHERAL BLOOD SMEARS
Background: Synthetic dyes such as Giemsa are widely used in hematological staining but pose challenges related to cost, toxicity, and accessibility. Anthocyanins, natural plant-derived pigments, offer a safer and more environmentally friendly alternative. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the staining effectiveness of anthocyanin extract from Cayratia trifolia L (lakum fruit) on peripheral blood smear preparations at various concentrations. Methods: Lakum fruit extract was prepared at concentrations of 20%, 30%, 40%, and 50%. Each was applied to peripheral blood smears and compared to Giemsa-stained controls. Staining performance was assessed based on a visual scoring scale (0–5), staining success rate, and color stability. Microscopic examination was conducted under 100x magnification. Results: The 50% extract showed the best performance, with a visual score of 4, a 90% staining success rate, and up to 6 hours of color stability. Lower concentrations (30% and 20%) resulted in weaker staining and reduced stability. Compared to Giemsa, lakum extract produced lower contrast but remained sufficient for basic morphological identification. Conclusion: Anthocyanins from Cayratia trifolia L demonstrate strong potential as a low-cost, non-toxic natural dye for educational and basic hematology screening purposes. Further optimization using mordants and quantitative color analysis is recommended to enhance staining performance.
A LITERATURE REVIEW ON INTERVENTIONS FOR POST-TRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER (PTSD) IN DOMESTIC VIOLENCE VICTIMS
Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) is a psychological condition that arises as a result of traumatic events and is characterized by symptoms such as nightmares, flashbacks, avoidance behaviors, and hyperarousal. PTSD is commonly experienced by survivors of domestic violence, particularly those subjected to repeated physical, emotional, or sexual abuse. This study presents a literature review aimed at exploring current understandings of PTSD among domestic violence survivors, focusing on risk factors, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment approaches. The method employed was a rapid review of ten journal articles published between 2020 and 2023, sourced from both Indonesian and international journals via sage jounals, science direct, and google scholar. The findings of this review are expected to provide a comprehensive overview of recent advancements and to propose more effective intervention strategies for survivors of domestic violence. A total of eight articles were identified as meeting the inclusion criteria and aligning with the objectives of this study. Evidence-based treatment approaches for addressing post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in this population include cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), exposure therapy, group therapy, and mindfulness-based interventions.
THE EFFECT OF A COMBINATION OF OXYTOCIN MASSAGE AND HYPNOBREASTFEEDING ON THE ADEQUACY OF BREAST MILK ON POSTPARTUM WOMAN AT PUSKESMAS CISARUNI TASIKMALAYA
Breastmilk is the best source of nutrition for babies, the World Health Organization (WHO) recommends exclusive breastfeeding for the first 6 months of life. Breastfeeding coverage in Tasikmalaya Regency in 2022 is 60.7%. One of the factors that causes mothers not to breastfeed exclusively is due to lack of smooth flow of breast milk, inappropriate breastfeeding techniques and pain after giving birth. This problem can be treated by providing a combination intervention of oxytocin massage and hypnobreastfeeding. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of a combination of oxytocin massage and hypnobreastfeeding on breast milk adequacy in postpartum mothers. This research method is quantitative research with a quasi-experimental research design. The type of research is quantitative with a quasi-experimental design. The population in this study is primiparous postpartum mothers. The sampling technique was total sampling with a total of 32 people. Data analysis with the paired T-test. The results of the study showed that before the combined intervention of oxytocin massage and hypnobreastfeeding was carried out, the majority not enough breast milk as much as 71.9%, whereas after the combination intervention of oxytocin massage and hypnobreastfeeding was carried out there were 78.1% of well-fed breastfed babies.This means that there is an increase in the adequacy of breast milk in babies according to the paired T statistical test with a significance value of 0.000 (p<0.05) with a difference of 2.2. The conclusion of this research is that there is a significant effect of the combined intervention of oxytocin massage and hypnobreastfeeding on the adequacy of breast milk in postpartum mothers. It is hoped that midwives can provide education on the benefits of oxytocin massage and hypnobreastfeeding to postpartum mothers.
EFFECTIVENESS: ACCEPTANCE AND COMMITMENT THERAPY (ACT) IN ACCEPTING AND MANAGING AGGRESSIVE BEHAVIOR
Introduction: Aggressive behavior is a change in perception towards stimuli, both internal and external, accompanied by responses that are diminished, excessive, or distorted, either verbally or non-verbally. Aggressive behavior is exhibited by someone with a mental disorder with the intention of attacking either physically or mentally. The provision of nursing interventions is necessary to help patients regain orientation and improve their quality of life. Objective: This study aims to identify interventions that can be used to help patients manage aggressive behavior and how to address it. Method: This study uses a rapid literature review approach utilizing 6 databases, namely PubMed, Sage Journals, Scopus, ScienceDirect, Springer, and EBSCO. with the keywords used “Psychiatric disorders” OR “Mental disorders” AND “Acceptance and commitment therapy” OR “Acceptance based behavioral therapy” AND “Managing aggression," resulting in 8 articles that met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Results: Based on the literature review conducted, there are 8 articles with interventions that can be used to reduce aggressive behavior in patients with mental disorders. Conclusion: The results of the literature review have proven that the 8 articles with interventions can reduce aggressive behavior in patients with mental disorders. Therefore, it is recommended that nurses use these interventions to reduce aggressive behaviorinpatients.
THE EFFECTIVENESS OF AVATAR THERAPY FOR REFRACTORY AUDITORY HALLUCINATIONS TO IMPROVE QUALITY OF LIFE IN PATIENTS WITH SCHIZOPHRENIA: A LITERATURE REVIEW
Auditory hallucination is one of the positive symptoms of patient with schizophrenia that is often occurred. Apart from pharmacological therapy, these symptoms can be reduced with non pharmacological treatment such as AVATAR therapy (Audio Visual Assisted Therapy for Refractory Auditory Hallucinations). This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of AVATAR therapy for refractory auditory hallucinations to improve quality of life in patients with schizophrenia. Articles were searched through Pubmed, Ebsco, Scopus, and Science Direct databases with keywords: patients with schizophrenia, AVATAR Therapy, quality of life. There were seven selected articles. AVATAR therapy is effective in reducing the frequency, intensity, and distress impact of auditory hallucinations. The study results showed that AVATAR therapy provided significant clinical benefits, including improving patients' quality of life and ability to manage hallucinatory symptoms. Additionally, this therapy is well accepted by patients and shows a high rate of completion of treatment. Overall, AVATAR therapy offers an innovative approach to treating persistent auditory hallucinations, especially in patients who do not respond optimally to conventional treatment. Implementation of this therapy in clinical practice requires further research to optimize its benefits and increase its accessibility.
THE IMPACT OF HAVING A STUNTING CHILD ON PSYCHOLOGICAL CHANGES OF MOTHERS IN SOOKO VILLAGE, MOJOKERTO
Stunting in toddlers is a chronic nutritional problem that not only affects the child, but also the psychological condition of the mother as the primary caregiver. The emotional burden borne by the mother due to stunted children can trigger stress, anxiety, and reduce self-efficacy in parenting. The purpose of this study was to analyze the impact of children's stunting status on the psychological condition of mothers, including stress, anxiety, and self-efficacy. This study used a quantitative approach with a descriptive correlational design. The sample consisted of 100 mothers who had stunted children aged 0–5 years in the working area of the Sooko Health Center, Mojokerto Regency, selected through a simple random sampling technique. The instruments used included the DASS-21 questionnaire and the Parental Self-Efficacy Scale. Data analysis was carried out using descriptive statistics and Pearson correlation with the help of SPSS 26. The results showed that the majority of mothers experienced moderate levels of stress and anxiety, and had low parenting self-efficacy. There was a significant relationship between children's stunting status and the mother's psychological condition (p <0.05). Having stunted children has an impact on increasing maternal psychological stress. Handling of stunting should be accompanied by psychosocial interventions to support maternal mental health.
DESCRIPTIONS OF COGNITIVE FUNCTION IN ELDERLY PEOPLE IN RESIDENTIAL CARE AT 2023 - 2025
This longitudinal study examines the cognitive function of elderly residents in a nursing home, Satuan Pelayanan Griya Lansia Garut, over the period of 2023–2025. Utilizing the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), the research assesses cognitive impairment levels among 76 elderly individuals, categorizing them into no impairment, mild, moderate, and severe cognitive impairment. Findings reveal that the majority of residents exhibit mild (38.2%) or moderate (30.3%) cognitive impairment, with only 26.3% showing no impairment. Throughout the study period, a decrease in mild impairment alongside a corresponding increase in moderate impairment was observed, highlighting the impact of aging and limited mental stimulation. Demographic data indicate that most residents are aged 60–74, predominantly male, with low educational attainment and widowed marital status. The results underscore the need for structured non-pharmacological interventions, such as brain exercises and social activities, to mitigate cognitive decline and improve the quality of life for elderly residents. This study provides critical insights for policymakers and caregivers to enhance elderly care services in residential facilities.
THE EFFECT OF MATCHING GAME THERAPY ON THE MEMORY OF CHILDREN WITH AUTISM
Introduction: Autism is a neurological developmental disorder characterized by limitations in social interaction, communication, and repetitive and restricted behaviors. Children with autism often experience cognitive impairments, including memory, which affect learning and daily adaptation. One of the interventions used to improve memory is game-based therapy, such as matching games, which can train children's concentration and memory. Purpose: This study aims to analyze the effect of matching game therapy on memory of children with autism. Methods: This study used a pre-experiment design with a one group pretest-posttest design approach on 20 respondents with autism. Sampling was done by purposive sampling technique. Memory was measured using the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Fourth Edition (WISC-IV) observation sheet. Data were analyzed using paired t test. Result: The results showed that there was an effect of matching game therapy on the memory of children with autism with a p value = 0.001 (α = 0.05). Conclusion: This study concludes that matching game therapy has an effect on improving the memory of children with autism. The findings recommend the importance of using matching game therapy as an intervention to improve memory in children with autism.
FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH SUICIDAL BEHAVIOR IN PRISONERS: A SCOPING REVIEW
Suicidal behavior and self-harm in the prison environment are serious public health problems because they often result in death or serious injury requiring intensive medical intervention. The high incidence of this behavior among prisoners is influenced by various complex and interrelated factors. This research aims to determine the factors associated with suicidal behavior in prisoners. Method: The method used was a scoping review. Search articles using PubMed, ScienceDirect, Scopus, EBSCO, and Google Scholar with the keywords "Association factors" AND "Suicidal Behavior" OR "Self-harm" OR "Suicidal ideation" OR "Self-mutilation” OR “Suicide attempts” AND “Prisoners” OR “Convicts” OR “Incarcerated individuals” OR “Inmates”. The inclusion criteria used are articles with a publication year range of 2014-2024, articles in Indonesian and English, articles with quantitative research, and articles that can be accessed in full text. After selection, 10 articles were obtained that met the inclusion criteria. Factors associated with suicidal behavior in prisoners are gender, education level, marital status, mental disorders, family history of mental disorders, stigma and social support, family history of suicide, length of detention and history of previous detention, and history of drug use. Based on several findings, it is recommended that further research focus on interventions to reduce the prevalence and risk factors for suicidal ideation and attempts in prisoners.
EXERCISE TO PREVENT OF GESTATIONAL DIABETES MELLITUS IN PREGNANCY: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW
Background. Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) is a pregnancy complication that is common in 3.5 to 12% of pregnancies. Pregnant women have a very high risk of developing diabetes due to an increase in blood sugar metabolism during pregnancy. Various meta-analyzes related to the effect of regular physical activity on reducing the incidence of GDM have been carried out, but there is evidence that needs significant influence to recommend a program of regular physical activity to prevent GDM incidents. So this study aims to examine the literature using the latest references on the effect of physical exercise in reducing the incidence of GDM. Method. systematic literature review with keywords; gestational diabetes mellitus, physical exercise, and pregnant women. Articles obtained from the electronic database "Google Scholar" with the criteria for inclusion of scientific articles in English and Indonesian in 2014-2024. Results. Several recent studies have shown regular physical activity exercises conducted 55-60 minutes for 3 times a week can reduce GDM and other things related to GDM namely a decrease in glycemic levels, blood pressure, and body weight. In addition, regular physical exercise can also improve fetal well-being as evidenced by an increase in the neonatal body index. Conclusion. Regular physical exercise shows enough evidence to reduce the risk of GDM. Recommendation. Regular physical activity is highly recommended to reduce the incidence of GDM. Although new evidence is needed that shows a significant effect on the decline in GDM. However regular physical exercise does not have a dangerous effect as long as it is done by pregnant women who are recommended.
NEURODERMATITIS CIRCUMSCRIPTA: CASE REPORT
Introduction: Neurodermatitis circumscripta is estimated to occur in approximately 10% of the population. The highest prevalence usually occurs in middle to late adulthood and often peaks at 30 to 50 years of age, most likely due to the significant increase in stress at this stage of life. The condition is more common in women than men with a ratio of 2:1. Case Description: A 43 year-old patient complaints of redness and itching in the wound in the upper ankle area of the right foot that has worsened in the last 1 week. The patient reported a previous episode of similar symptoms, which occurred in a different location, specifically around the border of the right toe and spread circularly accompanied by redness and blackness. Itching worse when the patient sweats. Dermatologic status was found on the dextra inferior extremity, erythema plaques appeared and some parts had hyperpigmentation accompanied by squamous, exoriation and plaque-size lichenification, irregular shape with firm boundaries scattered only unilaterally on the dextra extremity. This patient was treated with desoximethasone cream 0.25%, gentamycin cream 0.1% and cetirizine 10mg. Conclusion: Neurodermatitis circumscripta or lichen simplex chronicus is a chronic inflammatory skin disease. Topical therapies that can be given to patients are potent topical steroids, antibiotics and keratolytic agents. Lichen simplex chronicus usually improves with treatment, but some case can become persistent, especially when in the genital area.